The restocking of an area with forest trees, by either natural or artificial means, such as planting.

Areas that have not been exposed to great environmental changes and disturbances undergone by the region as a whole. In this FEIS, refugia include inventoried roadless areas that are relatively free from human-caused disruptions and disturbances when compared to roaded areas; refugia provide conditions suitable for survival of species that may be declining elsewhere.

The renewal of a tree crop by either natural or artificial means. The term is also used to refer to the young crop itself.

A cutting procedure that results in a new age class of trees. Methods include clearcutting, seed tree, shelterwood, selection, and coppice.

The official of the USDA Forest Service responsible for administering an entire region of the Forest Service.

Removal of competing vegetation to allow desired tree species to grow.

The removal of the last seed bearers or shelter trees after regeneration is established.

For subsistence, the amount of money that would have to be spent to buy food substitutes.

Research Natural Areas (RNAs) are areas that contain important ecological and scientific values and are managed for minimum human disturbance. RNAs are primarily used for non-manipulative research and baseline data gathering on relatively unaltered community types. Since natural processes are allowed to dominate, RNAs also make excellent controls for similar communities that are being actively managed. In addition, RNAs provide an essential network of diverse habitat types that will be preserved in their natural state for future generations.

The trees remaining standing after an event such as selection cutting.